There
are two types of windows: those that open and those that don't—called operable
and fixed, respectively (Fig. 4). In high wind areas, use as
many fixed windows as codes allow, keeping in mind that floors with bedrooms
need at least one operable window or exterior door for emergency exit. Fixed
windows are more efficient because of their better airtightness
characteristics. They also offer the most safety and security.
Of the operable units, there are many forms: awning, casement, hopper,
horizontal slider, vertical slider (either single- or double-hung) and
turn-and-tilt (Fig. 5).
There are two ways of sealing operable windows to minimize air leakage:
with a compression or a sliding seal. Windows with compression
seals are generally the more airtight of operable types and should be the
window of choice whenever possible. Casement, awning, hopper and turn-and-tilt
windows, for example, should have a closure/locking mechanism that pulls the
unit tight against the seal (Fig. 6). Make sure the gasket is a
compression, neoprene rubber type.
Doors are a little less complicated. They are either: solid, solid with an
insulated core, solid with window(s), or solid with an insulated core and
window(s). Patio doors operate like a large horizontal sliding window. Hinged
French doors, with a solid center post to close against, or rolling doors with
a compression-fit like an aircraft door, are more energy-efficient (Fig. 7).
Some materials reduce heat flow better than others. Solid wood doors, for
example, are not as good as metal-clad, insulated core doors, depending on the
style of door
and insulation material used to fill it (Fig. 8).
Otherwise, doors have a frame, sill, optional glazing, and rough frame
opening in a wall as do windows (Fig. 9). Like windows, some doors are
even installed in the frame and sill system while still at the factory.
.
There
are two types of windows: those that open and those that don't—called operable
and fixed, respectively (Fig. 4). In high wind areas, use as
many fixed windows as codes allow, keeping in mind that floors with bedrooms
need at least one operable window or exterior door for emergency exit. Fixed
windows are more efficient because of their better airtightness
characteristics. They also offer the most safety and security.
